1
The goods originate in India
Only goods significantly processed in India qualify, under product-specific rules of origin. Goods from third countries that are only repacked in India don't.
Selling into the EU from India under the EU–India FTA
The EU–India free trade agreement will remove EU duty on most Indian goods. It is not in force yet, and it does not replace the EU roles your goods need: an importer, a VAT representative, an EU responsible person and packaging registration. Here is what changes, what stays, and how to get your goods to EU customers.
Short answer
The EU and India concluded their free trade agreement on 27 January 2026. It is not in force yet: entry into force is expected in 2027, after signature and the European Parliament's consent. Then most Indian goods enter the EU at zero duty, some over 3 or 5 years. Until then, normal EU duty applies. The agreement removes duty, not EU roles: your goods still need an EU importer, a responsible person for consumer products and packaging registration.
Last reviewed: November 2026
- 27 Jan 2026
- Negotiations concluded. Next: signature, the European Parliament's consent, entry into force
- European Commission
- 90.7%
- of India's exports to the EU at zero EU duty from entry into force, on 70.4% of tariff lines
- Government of India
- 4–26%
- EU duty paid today on key labour-intensive goods: textiles, leather, footwear, chemicals, plastics, toys, gems and jewellery
- Government of India
What the agreement changes, and when
EU duty on goods of Indian origin once the agreement applies, by stage, as published by the Government of India and the European Commission. The rate for each product code comes with the final text.
| When EU duty goes | Goods, for example | Share |
|---|---|---|
| From entry into force | Textiles and apparel, leather and footwear, chemicals, plastics and rubber, gems and jewellery, sports goods and toys, tea, coffee, spices, certain marine products | 70.4% of tariff lines, 90.7% of India's exports |
| Over 3 or 5 years | Certain marine products, processed food | 20.3% of tariff lines, 2.9% of exports |
| Lower duty or a quota | Lower duty: certain poultry products, preserved vegetables, bakery products. Quotas: cars, steel, certain shrimps and prawns | 6.1% of tariff lines, 6% of exports |
| No EU concession | Sugar and ethanol, rice and soft wheat, beef, milk powders, bananas, honey | Excluded by the EU |
Check today's EU duty for your product code in the European Commission's Access2Markets portal. Your rate depends on your product codes (TARIC).
How the zero duty is claimed
The preference is not automatic. Three conditions, each with its owner.
2
The exporter states the origin
A statement on origin, made out by the exporter as a separate document and uploaded to a portal where EU customs can verify it. Self-certification: no certificate from an authority.
3
The EU importer claims it
The zero duty is claimed in the import declaration, based on your statement on origin. When you sell from stock in the EU, that importer is us.
What the agreement doesn't change
EU product, packaging and tax rules apply to Indian goods with or without the agreement. Who does each one, and where we fit.
| Rule | Applies to | Who does it | With Noda |
|---|---|---|---|
| EU responsible person (GPSR) | Consumer products sold in the EU | A company established in the EU, named on the label and in listings | We act as your responsible person, from €149 a year per product type |
| Importer and EORI | Every shipment entering the EU | A declarant established in the EU: the importer or its indirect customs representative | We act as your importer in Estonia, as indirect customs representative |
| VAT | Goods stored and sold in the EU | A VAT registration where the stock is; companies from outside the EU register through a representative | We act as your VAT representative in Estonia and file OSS for sales to other EU countries |
| Packaging EPR (PPWR) | Packaged goods sold to end users | A producer registration in each country of sale, with a representative where you sell directly to end users | Up to 27 EU countries, from €9.90 a month, local payments at cost |
| Textile EPR | Clothing, textiles and footwear | National schemes in every EU country from 17 April 2028 | Noda in Estonia, partners elsewhere |
| CE marking | Electronics, toys, machinery and other regulated products | The manufacturer, with a lab where the rules require one | As your responsible person, we keep the technical documentation at the authorities' disposal |
| REACH | Chemical substances and mixtures, from 1 tonne a year | The EU importer, or an only representative appointed by the manufacturer outside the EU | A specialist partner acts as only representative; we coordinate it with your imports |
| CBAM | Steel, aluminium, cement and fertilisers, above 50 tonnes a year per importer | An authorised CBAM declarant | We don't act as CBAM declarant ourselves. A specialist partner declares these goods at customs as declarant; we take the warehouse, VAT and the other roles |
| EUDR (deforestation) | Wood and wooden furniture, coffee, cocoa, rubber, palm oil, soy and cattle (beef) | A due diligence statement filed before the goods are released, from 30 December 2026 | We prepare it with you and a specialist partner. EUDR guide |
| €3 duty and €2 fee | Consumer parcels from outside the EU | The declarant: the seller, the platform, the carrier or their customs representative | Orders from stock in the EU pay neither. EU parcel rules 2026 |
Three ways to sell into the EU from India
1. Ship parcels from India
Each order goes by post or courier. Parcels up to €150 pay €3 customs duty per item type, and from 1 November 2026 a €2 Union handling fee per item type. Delivery takes longer, and returns travel back to India.
Fits a test market and low volumes. You still need an EU responsible person.
2. Ship in bulk to stock in the EU
One shipment, one import declaration, with the zero duty claimed on your statement on origin once the agreement applies. Orders go to EU customers from stock in Europe.
We act as your importer and VAT representative, and provide the warehouse and 3PL.
3. Your EU buyer imports
You sell to an EU distributor or retailer, who declares the goods and claims the zero duty. Your buyer will still ask for the responsible person, CE and REACH data before listing your goods.
We can be the responsible person your buyer asks for.
Compare the cost per order: Selling into the EU from abroad → · EU parcel rules 2026 →
Dates to plan around
| Date | What happens |
|---|---|
| 1 Jan 2026 | EU GSP preferences for India suspended in 12 product sections until 31 December 2028, including chemicals, plastics, textile materials, iron and steel, and machinery. Apparel and leather are not on the list |
| 1 Jan 2026 | CBAM: an authorised declarant above 50 tonnes a year |
| 27 Jan 2026 | EU–India negotiations concluded |
| 1 Jul 2026 | €3 customs duty per item type on consumer parcels up to €150 |
| 12 Aug 2026 | Packaging: producer registration in each EU country of sale |
| 11 Sep 2026 | The European Commission proposes the agreement to the Council for signature and conclusion |
| 1 Nov 2026 | €2 Union handling fee per item type on every consumer parcel from outside the EU, at any value |
| 30 Dec 2026 | EUDR applies. Small companies established by 31 December 2024 have until 30 June 2027, except for wood products already under the EU Timber Regulation |
| 1 Jan 2027 | A new EU GSP regulation applies, until 31 December 2036. Check whether your goods still get GSP preference in Access2Markets |
| 1 Feb 2027 | CBAM certificates go on sale, for 2026 imports |
| Expected in 2027 | Signature, the European Parliament's consent and entry into force of the EU–India agreement. No date is set |
| 21 Sep 2027 | Most of the new Union Customs Code applies. From 1 July 2028, for parcels sold to EU consumers, the seller or the platform becomes the importer |
| 30 Sep 2027 | First annual CBAM declaration, for 2026 imports |
| 17 Apr 2028 | Textile EPR schemes in every EU country |
| 31 Dec 2028 | End of the GSP suspension for India's 12 sections |
Common questions
When does the EU–India FTA come into force?
No date is set. Negotiations concluded on 27 January 2026, and on 11 September 2026 the European Commission proposed the agreement to the Council for signature and conclusion. After signature, the European Parliament must consent. Entry into force is expected in 2027. We update this page when the date is published.
Will Indian goods be duty-free in the EU?
Most of them, once the agreement applies. 70.4% of tariff lines, covering 90.7% of India's exports, go to zero from entry into force. 20.3% of lines go to zero over 3 or 5 years, and 6.1% get lower duty or a quota. Sugar, rice, beef, milk powders, bananas and honey get no EU concession. Until entry into force, normal EU duty applies.
What do I pay until the agreement applies?
Normal EU duty for your product code, or the GSP rate where your goods still qualify. From 1 January 2026 to 31 December 2028, India's GSP preferences are suspended in 12 product sections, including chemicals, plastics, textile materials, iron and steel, and machinery. See the list.
How do I prove Indian origin under the agreement?
With a statement on origin: the exporter makes it out as a separate document and uploads it to a portal where EU customs can verify it. Only goods significantly processed in India qualify. The EU importer claims the zero duty in the import declaration, based on your statement. The final text sets the exact format.
Do I still need an EU responsible person after the FTA?
Yes. The agreement changes duty, not product safety. Since 13 December 2024, a consumer product sold in the EU needs a responsible company established in the EU, named on the label and in listings. Listings without one can be suppressed. We act as your responsible person from €149 a year per product type.
Do I need an importer of record in the EU?
Yes, once you ship in bulk. Goods need a declarant established in the EU before customs releases them, and the zero duty is claimed in that declaration. We act as your importer in Estonia, as indirect customs representative, and as your VAT representative. Importer of record
Does the FTA remove CBAM for steel and aluminium?
No. The agreement does not exempt Indian goods from CBAM. Since 1 January 2026, an importer bringing in more than 50 tonnes a year of steel, aluminium, cement or fertilisers needs authorised CBAM declarant status. CBAM certificates go on sale on 1 February 2027, and the first annual declaration, for 2026 imports, is due by 30 September 2027. Your EU importer will ask you for the emissions data of your goods. We don't act as CBAM declarant ourselves: above 50 tonnes a year, a specialist partner declares these goods at customs, and we take the other roles.
Do chemicals from India still need REACH registration?
Yes. Substances and mixtures imported into the EU at 1 tonne a year or more need REACH registration, by the EU importer or by an only representative the manufacturer appoints. The agreement does not change that. We arrange the only representative through a specialist partner.
Can I sell on Amazon Europe from India?
Yes. Amazon asks for an EU responsible person for consumer products. For stock in Amazon's EU warehouses, you also need an importer, an EORI number and a VAT registration where the stock is. What Amazon asks for →
Do parcels from India pay the €3 duty and the €2 fee?
Yes. Since 1 July 2026, consumer parcels up to €150 from outside the EU pay €3 customs duty per item type. From 1 November 2026, a €2 Union handling fee per item type comes on top, at any value. Goods declared with a tariff preference (GSP today where your goods still qualify, the agreement once it applies) pay no €3 if they go in a full customs declaration (H1) and the VAT is not collected through IOSS; they still pay the €2, according to the European Commission's guidance. Bulk shipments to stock in the EU pay duty once per shipment, and orders from EU stock pay neither charge. EU parcel rules 2026 →
Sources: European Commission, EU–India agreement and chapter-by-chapter summary; Government of India, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, factsheet of 27 January 2026; European Commission, Access2Markets, GSP updates for 2026–2028; European Commission, DG TAXUD, guidance on the €3 duty; Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2025/1909 (GSP 2026–2028); Regulation (EU) 2026/1395 (GSP from 2027); Regulation (EU) 2023/956 (CBAM), as amended by Regulation (EU) 2025/2083; Regulation (EU) 2023/988 (GPSR); Regulation (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH); Regulation (EU) 2025/40 (PPWR); Regulation (EU) 2023/1115 (EUDR), as amended by Regulation (EU) 2025/2650 and Delegated Regulation (EU) 2026/2102. Last reviewed: November 2026.
Related: Selling into the EU from abroad · EU parcel rules 2026 · Check your EU roles
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